Education for the Unemployed Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Education for the idle - Coursework ExampleEducation for the unemployed is a move that go away cater for the education of parents so they alike may be helpful in the education of their children. The bud labour to carry out this project is unrivalled that proves at that place is a lot of emphasis on the education materials that are to be utilize and hence push for there being an element of seriousness in the project (Jeffrey & Jeffery et al., 2008). The move is one that impart encourage parents to push their children to try and give their all in the classroom and be able to get a future that is stable. Education the unemployed without asking them for anything in return but to give their children an education, the parents will be more than helpful if they aim to ensure that their children are as well educated.The budgetary apportionment of $100,000 was to make sure that the education program was to go on without a hitch. $30,000 is to be used for the salaries guide the teache rs and the provide that are involved in the teaching process. $10,500 is to be allocated to the curriculum materials that the parents would use to learn, $2000 for the training of the staff and the teachers that would be teaching the parents as well. Furthermore, the money would be used to train the parents as well in the methods and means that are used in teaching. $9,500 would be used for administrative purposes, $1,500 for the development of the project and as a result $8,000 would be used in the benefits of program. With education there is always the requirement for there to be some out-of-class experience, thus there are bound to be trips, thus the allocation of $30,000 for travel, with $3,500 used for the operations of the school and $2,000 for the receipt of licenses so as to ensure that the school is as well authoritative in the eyes of the government and the education governing boards. There will be a contract for some miscellaneous funds and it is with this that $3,000 is allocated for other services

Islamic history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic history - Essay theoretical accountHowever, the study will be guided by such questions as where did Islam start and who were the first multitude to adhere to it? What are the main ideologies that narrow Islam and how has they evolved over time? When did Islam start and what historical significance has the political theory had over the course of its evolution to the modern daylight Islam? Islam started in the 7th century (C.E) as instituted by Prophet Mohammed and it took over the Arabic region, which was characteristic exclusivelyy defined by polytheism. It is adherent to monotheism and as such the political theory stipulates that there is no other matinee idol to be worshiped but Allah. It therefore transformed coarsely the ghostlike systems of the traditional nomadic life that was characteristic of the Arabs from the extremes of worshiping many Gods as well as paganism to the belief in Allah. Prophet Mohammed was born in late sixth century and in the early sevent h century he is believed to have had an encounter with an angle of God where he became the prophet (apostle) of God (Nawwab, Speers and Hoye, check bit 1-5). Through divine revelations, Mohamed is said to have written the Quran as it is adhered to in Islam. Therefore, among other great ideologies that define Islam, Quran as it was written by the last prophet of Allah (Mohammed) is complete, infallible, perfect and eternal and therefrom holds eminently against any influence or modification. In religious matters, the tenets presented in Quran held and continuously holds to define Islam. Islam ascribes to various ideologies which include that God is transcendent and omnipotent, that there are angles, that Quran are words of Gods revelation through his prophets as well as there is the last day that awaits all and in which Gods judgment to mankind will be pronounced. Moreover, the Islam believes that God is all acute and as such, he is omniscient (The muniment of Islam 1-3). Despite t he great transformation that characterized the inception of Islam, as a religion in the Arabian countries in matters of polytheism believes, Islam held to the supremacy of Allah as god who was more impressive than the rest. at any rate being the creator, Allah was and is believed to be the provider as well as the determiner to human destiny in eternity (History of Islam para 3). Besides, the Muslims have dispersed everywhere to occupy all the parts of the orchis where Islam has been introduced. Little is seen to have changed in terms of believe systems and ideologies as they were instituted and depicted in Quran. The modern day Islam upholds five basic rules, which are prayer, fasting, faith, almsgiving as well as pilgrimage at Kabah (History of Islam 5). The evolution in Islam has been more in matters of spread and global acceptance as unlike in matters of systems of believes. Besides much of what is practiced in the modern day in Islamic circles is purely as it was practiced tra ditionally as instructed by Prophet Mohammed in Quran (Nasr, vii-xix). In spite of the pocket-size evolutionally changes that has been shown in ideological aspects of Islam, misinterpretation and misrepresentation of the ideologies has led to wrong perception of the culture. It is increasingly being associated with acts of holy terror due to few of its teachings on Jihad and such political activism which has in the past led to political as well as religious conflicts in different parts of the globe

Environmental And Social Reporting- Rolls Royce Group Essay

Environmental And Social Reporting- Rolls Royce Group - Essay ExampleThe company operates four-spot segments of civil aerospace, defense aerospace, marine and muscularity. The companys highest revenue generating segment is the civil aerospace which generates around 50% revenue of the group. The company has shown consistently progressive and strong performance over the years and is one of the commercialise leaders in all sectors in which operates with an annual turnover of 11,124 million and a profit of 848 million. (ROLLS-ROYCE)embodied SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYSustainability reporting provides a chance to the organizations to report information about economic, environmental, social and governing performance to its setors and stakeholders. GRI (Global Reporting Initiatives) provides a framework for the organizations to disclose this information in a much plain and consistent manner. (GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVES)Strategy and Profile Rolls Royce has committed to serve with new appr oaches and technologies for sustainable economic growth. It aims to invest for long term, promote innovation and counselling on research and development. It sustainability programs are especially designed care in mind the environment, its people and the society and communities in which it operates. Its environmental strategy focuses on three areas of lessen the environmental impact of the business activities further reducing the environmental impact of the products and developing of new depressed emission and renewable energy products. Its strategy for its people includes creating a working environment that attracts the best people, enhancing their potential difference and encouraging them to be involved in the ongoing success of the Group. It intends to serve for the communities in which operates focusing on their development. (ROLLS-ROYCE) Managements approach and Performance Indicators Environmental Issues The company has taken significant steps in reducing its greenhouse ga s emissions. Targets have been made for the reduction and energy consumptions for top 25 energy consumption sites. As a result there has been 5-6% overall reduction in the total GHG emissions. advertise the company even invested ?3.5 million for the maintenance and improving projects for sustainable development. It has further put special focus to reduce its environmental footprint in its aviations business by incorporating sustainability in products designs and processes. (ROLLS-ROYCE LEE. 2000) The company has Environmental consultive Board who contributes in business strategy and design process. The company is even striving to reduce its environmental footprint created by existing products. For this it has created targets to be achieved for the aviation business for the reduction in CO2 emissions, hindrance and nitrogen oxide. The company through his core capabilities and experience in nuclear energy also intends to give-up the ghost solutions and address the issues zero carb on power generation. (ROLLS-ROYCE) Rolls Royce continues to mark its performance through certifications and third party accreditations analogous ISO 14001 for its environmental management, its new facility at Seletar received the Green Mark (Platinum) award for having a rock-bottom environmental footprint in construction, retains its Gold status with BitC Index for

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Media - Essay Examplet racism has filtered into our sociological order and has become an insidious stochastic variable of institutionalized and subtle bias that is more(prenominal) threatening than in the past.When we speak of racism in the States our attention is necessarily directed towards the African-American population. Claims of black racism against whites based on affirmative action, or bias against Euro-ethnic assemblages and religions are simply unfounded. According to Pettigrew, Two centuries of slavery, another century of legalized segregation, and the evolution of these structures into todays unique and entrenched system of racial discrimination deny any validity to this politically handy perspective (320). While many ethnic groups have assimilated into the American culture, colors have been disassociated due to skin color. Catholics, Jews, and the Irish are more able to meld into mainstream institutions than African-Americans. Blacks are the most heavily differentia ted racial group in America and this has heightened their own sentiency of cultural differences as well as desensitizing whites to their sense of racial bias.The desensitization of white bias against African-Americans can be seen in the educational disparity that exists in America today. When Americas educational system moved away from the concept of separate still equal, and into a more integrated school model, the tendency was to make the black educational system more white rather than more right. There has been little effort at real improvement in the predominately black public schools in America. These misguided efforts have denigrated Black teachers and administrators, and the institutions themselves. Many Black schools were closed, traditions lost, and culture ignored. The Black parents feared that the children would be forced to adopt White culture and lose their own rich culture and indistinguishability (Jackson 143). While there has been an increase in Black studies and r acial historical sensitivity, the move towards separate

What type of creative person are you IN other worlds, How are you Essay

What type of originative mortal atomic number 18 you IN different worlds, How are you creative How does your creativity benefit you - Essay ExampleIn terms of creativity, I am a person who pays attention to detail. In any situation, paying attention to the small things that any ordinary person would overlook enables me to always come up with creative solutions. In terms of artistic ability, I wee-wee done some(prenominal) poems and drawings which showcase my creativity. However, I can assertively state that creativity is not analogous talent it is not naturally acquired. In contrast, it is an art which one has to learn to nurture. Once one gains the creative aspect, it becomes part of own lifestyle.My creativity benefits me in many ways. First, life presents different challenges that would require creative decisions to overcome. In such instances, I have always found solution to near of my problems through creativity. For instance, I was not born in a well of family. Conseque ntly, I did not have enough pocket cash as my classmates in high school. However, I made up for the money I did have by selling some paintings at a fee whenever there was an opportunity to do so. Besides, school charm always demands creativity. Most of the questions asked during exams in subjects like mathematics or social sciences require engagement of some creative thoughts. In such cases, applying the association gained in class is usually accompanied with some creativity. It is in such instances that I have come to appreciate creativity. In fact, in studies not requiring theoretical knowledge as a background, I have always excelled.The most significant aspect of creativity that has benefited me most is in my social life. Being a foreign student, it is a little bit different to mature integrate with every student. However, as a creative being, I find myself easy while interacting with other students. During my first days in school, communication was not so easy given the spee ch tick that I had. However, this did not bar me from communicating with my colleagues as I always came up with creative core of talking to them.

International Relations - International Development (Proposal Outline) Essay

International Relations - International incre handst (Proposal Outline) - Essay ExampleAs a matter of fact, women in general be kept at lower than secondary level and in most of the societies despite her services mainly to families that are in like manner unpaid. In on the whole, women has been given less privileges on social, political, and economic power than they deserve as compare to men with one and except reason of being Woman. Moreover the prejudice has strengthened itself and women, in many separate of the world especially developing countries, are growingly deprived of the fundamental rights as human being. Economic marginalization of women refers to the disadvantage and deprivation that woman is accounted for against man on the economic fronts. Economic marginalization include all aspects such as poverty, deprivation from decision making rights and positions with respect to economic matters and more importantly portal to economic resources. The menace of oppressing human being with gender inequality, in general and economic oppression in specific, also didnt allow more advanced sections of the nations that claim to be leaders in development. For instance, only 12 companies from fortune 500 are led by women down from the count of 15 than preliminary year (CNN, 2011). Countries that are taking leading positions of result as emerging nations i.e. China with an average growth rate of above 8% in global financial crises time vulnerability and marginalization of women has increase with increase in migration from rural to urban areas for their economic growth. These women, though, got freedom from low wage paid hypothesise at farm but faces in cities more difficult situation of inequality such as harassment and other city- version of marginalization including job discrimination, salary gap and opportunity inequalities etc (Tam, 2006). Evidences from developed and emerging nations when h honest-to-god such situations it then gets self explanatory the condition prevailing in developing nations such as India and Pakistan. The two countries being the cultural hub of the South East Asia hold more tightly those old ignorant values that favored the dominance of men even in most educated sections of confederacy depriving women of social, cultural, public and economic earning as well decision making (Nelasco, 2012). Recently in two conferences, women meet asserted despite trade liberalization and globalization, women are growing becoming the victim of unemployment, underemployment, migration for livelihood to urban and overseas etc. All these have put multiplied impact on women inequality with deteriorating nourishment insecurity labor intensive industries taking advantage of cheap labor with influx of large takings of women mainly with their families for jobs and hence, posing high insecurity reasoning the huge labor pool. Given below are some statistics that presents start realities of discrimination against women (Nelasco, 20 12) Importance of the women empowerment When we empower women, we empower communities, nations and the entire human family. UN secretary-general ban Ki-Moon (UN Women, 2011) For effort related to reduce this inequality social sciences has presented immense literature however, the affectivity has only gained success to the straits that UN sections realized the importance of fact that world shall now develop awareness regarding women empowerment and year 2011 UN attach inaugural of formal efforts for women empowerment (UN Women, 2011). CEO of UN-Women (Women Empowerment section of UN) has vision of this section to have approaching

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz - Assignment ExampleHughs family had houseboys to alleviate them. Hughs family was part of exotic parties on numerous occasions and there were more chances that hughs could line up across a famous personality rather the David.While the only problem he had to hardihood initially was of shelter. Although, Hugh mentioned that where I come from, finding a shelter is a problem that an average skill confidently leave it to his parents. It was just something that came with having a mom and dad.Q-Catton employs both methods of organizations, subject by subject and compass point by point, where in the essay does this switch occur( paragraph )? Why does point by point subject area better at this point in essay?According to my comprehension the switch occurs in the twelfth paragraph where the write compares the both the warriors in a case-by-case paragraph based on their single aspect of strength and valor. The switch was mandatory for the comparison between the in terms of common a spects which both

Arts pictures description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

humanistic discipline evinces description - Essay ExampleWe can similarly see that the dress she is wearing has various sharp colour in, which dictate the entertaining tone of the cast. At the same time, the young woman is covering her hair with embellish attire manifest the presence of peace and the absence of conflict in the forecast environment.In addition, the video is on a white wall, which further promotes peace and equally suggests lack of sadness in the picture environment. All these characteristics create a calm atmosphere in the picture. Additionally, at the bottom left deferral of the picture, I can see an electricity socket, which suggests that the picture is of a room with electricity. Indeed, I can also see the shadow of the photo lying below the photo on the wall, which suggests that there is a base of light coming from above the photo. Notably, the back consideration of the picture on the wall is dark which relevantly complements the capable saturations o f the young womans clothing. The dark coloring material on the background mixes with the bright colors on the foreground to create a good color mix and contrast that attracts and delivers comfort to the eyes.This picture shows a photo enclosed in a frame hanging on a wall. The picture has the foreground, middle ground, and the background. On the foreground of the picture, we see a white wall where the photo hangs on. The white color of the wall suggests the presence of peace and absence of conflict in the picture environment. In the middle ground of the picture, I can see a photo frame decorated with a become flat color. The dull color suggests calmness in the picture environment. At the same time, we can note the richness of the color on the photo frame, which defines the value of the enclosed photo. More so, we can see that the photo frame is wooden which defines the respect for traditions and equally, the value of the frame.Furthermore, it is clear that the photo frame has diff erent layers that narrow to the inside, which shows the perfection of the author and

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior Assignment

Motivation Theories in Organizational Behavior - Assignment ExampleA person will be actuate to satisfy acquires at the lowest level sooner focus shifts to needs at the next level. The levels are physiological security, affiliation, esteem, and self-actualization needs. An employee, according to the theory, is for example motivated by need for food and shelter but these cease to be motivators once their needs are met. line of merchandise security and social ties then becomes motivators as the employee progresses in mold (Koontz, 2009).McClellands learnt needs theory explains that iii needs, that people learn from their environments are motivators. These are need to attain desired objectives, need for interpersonal relations, and need for power. The notion that promotion can grant a person authority and connection with people from a higher circle in a profession may for example motivate an employee into hard work (Lunenburg and Ornstein, 2011).According to the theory, a person i s motivated by four factors, singularly or in combination. The factors are drive to acquire, bond, learn, and defend. The drive to bond may for example motivate teamwork for interpersonal relations among team members (White, 2006).vrooms expectancy theory establishes a link between goals and means of achieving the goals towards motivation. According to the theory, people draw in motivation into objectives if the cost of achieving the objective is justified and if available means to the objective promises success. An employee may for example be motivated into further training towards promotion if necessary resources are worth the promotion and if the training really promises probability of the targeted promotion (Condrey, 2010).Adams equity theory explains motivation from input-output perspective. According to the theory, an individual is motivated if the perceived input in a venture is equivalent to perceived output. This means that a motorcoach is motivated when he is convinced of efficiency in his efforts (Lussier and Achua,

Ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical dilemma - bear witness ExampleHowever, a nurses past experiences, values, and beliefs may influence this solution. In addition, one honest dilemma arse be solved in a variety of ways. In this paper, I go away give a case of an ethical dilemma in nursing, and discuss how this can be unyielding using the 2009 Ethical Decision-making algorithmic rule by Catalano. Ethical issues vary and may involve legal issues, pro-life issues, deception versus truth telling, quantity versus quality of life, control versus freedom, among others. A nurse will react differently to each of these ethical dilemmas (Lipe & Beasley, 2003). My case of ethical dilemma is a pro-life versus pro-choice situation, experienced nigh time ago by a friend who is a practicing nurse. This involved a fifty-year old adult female in the ICU. She had been in the ICU for over one year, and shows no probability of getting better instead, she gets worse each day. The diligent wants her life to be terminated t o save her the pain. However, her family does not agree with her wish, and advise the nurses to control her. She undergoes multiple painful surgeries for her sustenance. The hospital knows that if they extracted her life, it will be of low quality and full of pain. They moreover cannot perform anesthesia on her as the family threatened to sue the hospital if they took that step. On the other hand, the enduring is bitter that her wish of ending her life has not been granted. This is a perfect example of an ethical dilemma. every(prenominal) the parties involved express different wishes and interests. The patient wants her life terminated to escape the pain her family wants the nurse to prolong her life, while the nurse wants to save her patient much pain by performing mercy killing. distributively party faces obstacles in fulfilling their desires. The patients family is the main obstacle as they threaten the nurse with suing if she terminates the patients life. Now, the nurse i s to come up with a conclusiveness that will be neutral on side of the patient as well as that of her family. If the nurse prolongs the patients life, she will be prolonging her suffering, thus causing her harm. On the other hand, if the nurse complies with her patients wish, she may get in trouble with the patients family, and so cause a strained relationship, which sounds unethical. Catalinos ethical decision-making algorithm would have come in handy in directing the nurse to the most appropriate decision (Denier et al., 2010). According to Catalinos ethical decision-making algorithm, decision-making starts with assessment. This involves determining the party that will be most affected by the decision. Enough facts, including the potential risks of the patient, ar gathered to arrive at this. The second step is to collect, analyze and study data. Here, the nurse makes use of the information they have to determine possible outcomes. Thirdly, the dilemma is place and stated. In t his case, the identified dilemma is to grant the patient her wish or to listen to her family (Deshpande, 2009). Next is to decide if the nurse can resolve the dilemma or not. If no, the nurse should not take any action, if yes, the possible solutions to the dilemma should be stated. Acceptable and unacceptable consequences are then identified. If the consequences are acceptable, an ethical decision can be taken, if they are unacceptable, no action is to be taken. If ethical decision is

Changes in Communication Technology Impacting The Possibility of a Essay

Changes in Communication Technology Impacting The Possibility of a Global Society - Essay ExampleIt can be reflected that the information and communion technologies being employ in the present times reflect a contributive characteristic in the development of a society. This is primarily because the innovative technology provides with newer and innovative measures to communicate knowledge and information. The Arab Spring or the Arab awakening presents to a great extent the level in which the communicating technology or the use of the tender networking sites hurl contributed in the revolution being spread among the individuals. The current study heightenes on the ever-changing use of communication technology impacting the possibility of a global society, taking into reference the incident of the Arab Spring. The Media and its Development Over the expiration of time on and from the 1980s, the communication and the media fabrication have been found to be have modified to a great extent. The media has now become a global instrument of communication reaching everyplace the assorted transgresss of the macrocosm commercially. Not only is the media performing towards communicating to the world, but the global effects of the media and the communication technology have significant impacts on the societal issues related to the economics and politics of any farming or nation. The media has an extensive role to play in the democratic revolutions occurring in different corners of the world. They bring into the focus of the entire community the different information in relation to the revolution (Herman & McChesney, 2001, pp.1-4). Thus the improved and advanced role of the media in the present generation can be understood to be efficient decorous to communicate issues to individuals strongly such that they can be motivated and encouraged to take part in the revolution or any related steps for the good of the nation. The modification and advancement of the media a nd the industry over the years have been found to have certain positive implications on the society. Different cultures tend to immingle up and combine their opinions and views towards the right measures for a nation. The media acts as the voice for the societies to reach out to each other. Moreover, some(prenominal) values and principles can also be shared in between the different parts of the world with the proper use of the media and the technology of communication. Over the years, the technologies used for the purpose of communicating have also been changing and becoming more advanced. The newspapers, radio and television broadcasts were used to be the primary sources of communication of the media (Herman & McChesney, 2001, p.8). Today the network has taken a huge space being a fast and easier means of communication among the individuals. The social networking sites prove to be highly demanding as well as seem to be a part of the regular lives where one can communicate anythi ng in fractions of seconds to other individuals. The changes in development of the media and communications industry also bring about different challenges. With the advancement, increases the competition between the different communicating mediums and sources. However since the richness of the media has been realized the communication and media companies are more focused towards providing their consumers with better facilities and meet their needs and

The project of creating Windows as the driving force for Microsoft Essay

The have of creating Windows as the driving force for Microsoft Corp - Essay Exampleallowed it to come into the market of softw be for personal computers and in a great extent to create this market. So project of creating Windows became the driving force for Microsoft Corp.The most economical structure is when activity of the organization consists of project, and every project consists of operations in this case some projects may be endless. Project four-in-hands define human, technical, financial and other resources they have for their projects then all these get hold ofs are summarized and put to the organizational plan and budget. So needs of the projects determine organizational needs and priorities.Also it push-down lists happens that very important goals of organization (i.e. new market penetration, acquire a state construction contract, getting a software development tender) depend on projects. Sometimes a successful project cornerstone save a company from a bankrupt cy or irretrievably crush competitors.Project may non be an organizational driving force when it contradicts the organizational goals or is badly planned and fated to failure. In this case the project draws human, time, technical, financial and other resources from the organization and gives nothing instead. For example, IBM spent a lot of time and effort on development of operating system OS/2, except the project was not successful. IBM is the greatest hardware vendor, but it failed with operating system development.The human factor is important because... The project manager must(prenominal) be able to exert interpersonal influence in order to lead the project squad. By Hendrickson, the project manager often gains the support of his/her team through a combination of the followers Formal authority resulting from an official capacity which is em agencyed to issue orders. Reward and/or penalty magnate resulting from his/her capacity to dispense directly or indirectly valued or ganization rewards or penalties. Expert designer when the project manager is perceived as possessing special knowledge or expertise for the job. Attractive power because the project manager has a personality or other characteristics to convince others. (Hendrickson, 1998, chap.2)So I go out use these issues in my relations with the team. The members of the project team must work together, whether they are assembled from different divisions of the corresponding organization or even from different organizations. Some problems of interaction may arise initially when the team members are unfamiliar with their own roles in the project team, particularly for a large and complex project. These problems must be resolved quickly in order to develop an effective, functioning team. Also I need to explore two important subjects why the previous project manager was so popular and why the project is about to fail in spite of the great love of the team to him. Maybe his steering style was too soft and democratic and work conditions were too hothouse. If so, I would say to the team, Guys, it was very good, but now its finished. Lets work together, and lets work hard, because its the only way for our company to survive. I dont need your love, I need the work done.Also it may be good decision to rebuild

Risk - de Havillands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk - de Havillands - Essay ExampleIts super acids had many advantage vis--vis high speed, quieter and more comfortable interior, characteristic design etc. But managements decision to launch its beginning commercial jet Comet was fraught with many mistakes and lacked proper and comprehensive risk management plan.de Havilland managements hurry to be the first to launch jet aircraft commercially was important because it saw the launch of Comet as setting of the standards for the aircraft industry. It overly wrongly assumed that because it was leading aircraft company and known for its high performing designs, it could repeat its success in the commercial market also. The lack of proper explore and its apathy for the security of the customers was key managerial reveal that was overlooked or not properly researched. The development of new products need to be well research and well well-tried before bringing it to the people. Though de Havilland had introduced innovative changes i n its commercial jet, Comet, the changes were not tested extensively and the jet was launched in hurry. The faulty design of the jet had resulted in three massive crashes which at last discredited the company in the eyes of its various stakeholders.The various perspectives of de Havilland grimace are important ingredients because they serve to execute projects successfully. In the Havilland case, priorities were set wrongly. Passenger safety was overlooked in order to become the first one to set standards for aircraft industry. Moreover, the new designs were not tested and risks were not identified from different perspectives and outcome. This was a major blunder especially as it put to risks the lives of the people or its passengers. As a project manager, the case study helps to identify the flaws in the project. In the highly competitive business environment, while gaining leverage in the market greatly facilitates business outcome but sustaining the

Accounting analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting analysis - Essay ExampleFor other proceedings vegetable marrow and form diverge and the choice of treatment can give different results due to non-recognition of an asset or a liability even though benefits or obligations result.Full disclosure is not enoughall transactions must be accounted for correctly,with full disclosure of related details as necessary to give the exploiter of accounts a full understanding of the transactions.The interaction of the manakinwork with other standards is also an important issue. Whichever rules ar the more specific should be applied, given that IASs should be consistent with the framework. Leasing nominates a good example straight forward-moving lease which fall squarely within the terms of IAS 17 should be accounted for without any need to push to the framework, but where there terms are more complex, or the lease is only one cistron in a large series of transactions, then the framework comes into play. In addition, the framework implicitly requires that its frequent principle of pump over form should apply in the application of other existing rules.How does the frame work enforce the substance over from rule Its main method is to define the elements of financial substance and therefore to give rules for their recognition. The key considerations are weather a transaction has given rise to newborn assets and liabilities.A liability is a present obligation of the enterprise arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits. (http//www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm)Identification of those who have risks related to an asset will for the most part indicate who has the benefits and hence who has the asset. if an entity is in certain circumstances unable to avoid an outflow of benefits, this will provide evidence that it has liability.The definitions given in IASC framework of income and expenses are not as imp as assets and liabilities. This is because income and expenses are described in terms of changes in assets and liabilities, i.e. they are secondary definitionsIncome is increases in economic beniufit5s during the accounting check in form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in decrease in paleness, other than those relating to contributions from equity participations.Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletion of assets or increases of liabilities that results in decrease in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants. (http//www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm)The real importance then is the way the theoretical account defines assets and liabilities regardless of the legal status. It is not sufficient, however, that the asset or liabilities fulfils the above definition it must also adjoin recognition criteria in order to be shown in an entitys accounts

Slacks Transformational Process Model Case Study

Slacks Transformational Process Model - Case Study showcaseIn the model of transformational forge comprehension is significant because it constitutes the common syntactic space and this is a essential in a successful transformational cognitive operation. Comprehension is an important factor because the language or syntax liberal each logic that is considered too complicated. Another important factor in the transformation process is the internalization that constitutes the interpretative space and it is part of the major prerequisite. either information cannot stand alone and they always appeared as personalized and it comes into social context. The information must nominate the interpretative space having the capacity to synchronize semantically. Any transformational process must be comprised with information that contains relevant matters. This is necessary in determining the acquisition or non acquisition of knowledge. The information must appear believing that it represent s truthfulness and it is depends solely on the contextualization. In the event, both individual must be considered for certain information and they are expected in distributing knowledge. In any system, the information is valued asAny organization, specifically a car manufacturing company must have the transformational process model. ... In the application it elaborates all the analytical levels. All the knowledge management methodologies require sense and it covers facilitating tools and it is efficient for having social dimensions and information quality. In the performance of jobes to modern world they need quality customer service, agility in heir performances, speed and efficiency. There is different stress in the concept of business process wherein it illustrates how the firm organizes itself. Standardization allows the car manufacturing company to achieve longevity as a allow for of corporate agility. It is also part of the initiative to have service orientation and out sourcing to business processes. In the transformational process the organization needs to discuss the meaning of the words used in every area of the business. front process is needed before moving on the examination of the importance of knowledge in narrate for the workers to generate value towards the firm. In the transformational process of a car manufacturing, it focuses on the imperative and innovations that is within the ambit of service orientation and it composed the agility of the organization or the corporation. Slacks transformational process could result to electromotive force implications in several processes like in the organizational maturity, process architecture and management practices. In the transformational process of car Slacks Transformational Process Model P 3manufacturing company, it raises the challenges on the existing design philosophies and it gives emphasis on the alternatives that supports the efficiency and flexibility of the organization.Implicati ons in Car Manufacturing Slacks transformational process can cause hold water in certain areas

Aam Road Safety Campaign Essay Example for Free

Aam channel base hit Campaign EssayIn effort to decrease the number of road accidents during festive seasons, The National lane Safety Council (MKJR), launched its one-year National Road Safety Campaign 2013 which was held on 4 February 2013 at the closing Bersepadu Selatan (TBS), Kuala Lumpur.In-conjunction with the Chinese New Year celebration this year, the event was implemented by the Road Safety discussion section (JKJR) in partnership with huge names deriving from government agencies and key players of the automotive industry.YB Dato Seri Kong Cho Ha, minister of religion of Transportation, graced the event as the Guest-of-Honour to launch the tally in a ribbon-cutting ceremony. The launching of the event campaign was too attended by the Chairman of the Automobile Association of Malaysia (AAM), YM Tunku Datuk Mudzaffar Tunku Mustapha, Treasurer of MKJR cum charge member of AAM, En. Ahmad Ismail salt away Haji Amin together with the AAM Chief Executive Officer, M adam Melinda Ngew.See morePerseverance essayThe annual campaign aims to highlight the consequences of dangerous driving by creating awareness of safe driving habits, to ultimately squeeze the number of accidents and casualties on the road and develop a safe driving culture. The Automobile Association of Malaysia (AAM) too played a vital role in making this annual road safety campaign a success by promoting road safety through the sponsoring of the AAM child-seat for the flag-off ceremony.Apart from the campaign launching ceremony, move agencies and companies were in addition invited to set up their own booths and conduct their road safety campaign activities and promotions. AAM also took the occur to promote road safety, through road safety services products (AAM 3-in-1 torchlight the AAM compact fire-extinguisher).As a carry through to make success the road safety campaign, several state level road safety campaigns were also held. The National Road Safety of Kuala Lumpur (M KJR WPKL), co-joint by the Road Safety Council of Kuala Lumpur (JKJR WPKL) extended the effort by organizing the Kuala Lumpur Road Safety Campaign 2013 at the Plaza Sg. Besi Toll, which also involved government agencies and huge automotive companies.Inspections were make by the Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalanraya (JPJ) to motorcyclists, which involves license checking and replacing new helmets for motorcyclists wearing old helmets, fully-sponsored by the Road Safety subdivision of Kuala Lumpur (JKJR WPKL)The Automobile Association of Malaysia (AAM), also took part in the event campaign through the involvement of the committee member, En. Ahmad Ismail B. Haji Amin who also helped at giving away brand new helmets for the motorcyclists.

Landslide Limousine Performance management plan Essay Example for Free

Landslide Limousine Performance management conception EssayStonefield is showtime up a new limousine channel with 25 employee, located in Austin, Texas. The performance management plan is the starting point or a map for the company to identify and achieve the appetite outcome they want for their employees and their customer. The company wants to maximize its goal through its performance management plan. the performance manakin alone with the strategies of the business impart developed an organizational performance school of thought, performed business line analyses to identify necessary adroitnesss essential by employees, identified regularitys for measuring employees skills, developed a edge for addressing skill gaps, and developed an sexual climax for delivering effective performance feedback to employees. Performance management plan should always be substance abuse as a tool for a business to run smooth. The performance management framework with the strategies of the business According to Cascio (2013), at a general level, the broad process of performance management requires that you do three things well(p) fixate performance, facilitate performance, and aid performance.The managers at Landslide must(prenominal) ensure that each and every employee know what is evaluate of them. They must fetch goals that are sustainable. The goals that are set must make the company successful (Cascio 2013). Managers must facilitate performance by eliminating roadblocks. They must provide all the right resources, tools and training. With that be said they must also assume the right employees in other words hire the right fit. You plundert apply an employee with a bad driving record driving for a limo service, so you have do a background check just one example. Every employee like the last one, encourage performance, managers should always encourage employees in some kind of way, show them how they are appreciated. According to Cascio (2013), d ont bother offering rewards that nobody cares about, like a gift certificate to see a wad teller. Ifyou are good to your employees they will be good to you. Show them you care.Organizational performance philosophyThe philosophy of Landslide Limousine will be to utilize the max efficiency and the effectiveness of each employees performance and further more(prenominal) to facilitate communication between the employees and their supervisors, according to University of California, Berkeley (2014), employees at all levels are trusty for actively communicating with their supervisors about their performance, taking an active role in planning their development, being responsible for their actions, and continually striving for excellence in their performance. Supervisors are responsible for training and making sure that the employees have the right tools to carry out the mission or job. They have to make sure the job is make right. They have to make sure the customer are taking care of. The job analysis process to identify necessary skills needed by employees According to Cascio (2013), Performance standards translate job requirements into levels of acceptable or unacceptable employee sort.Job analysis identifies what is to be done. Job analysis info can be self-contained in a variety of ways, Landslide Limousine will be using all combinations of method. The ceremonial occasion is one method which is limited to only so many jobs. The interview method is gathering information which requires an interview with every employee. This should be easy to do since he is starting off with only 25 employees. The interview method should focus on how the employees is performing each job. The major duties of the position. Are there is jobs physical demands. This method can be time very consuming but it will help Landslide Limousine identify necessary skills needed by employees. The last method is the Questionnaires. This method is widely used it tells management where trainin g is needed, what is going right, what is wrong and what need improving. It can be a very detail long and complicated process.Methods used for measuring the employees skillsI would recommend Landslide use the Behavior-oriented rating methods and results-oriented rating method for measuring the employees skills. Managers should conduct ride-a-long with each driver to observe their behavior and to rate their skills against others. The manager should document theobservation. Mangers should always provide feedback in a timely manner. It should be taken to improve employee performance. According to Cascio (2013), behavior-oriented rating methods focus on employee behaviors, either by comparing the performance of employees to that of other employees or by evaluating each employee in terms of performance standards without reference to others.The results-oriented rating method is another(prenominal) great method to use. The company needs to have a way to do customer survey. node service i s one of the most important skills that should be measured constantly. According to Cascio (2013), results-oriented rating methods place aboriginal emphasis on what an employee produces dollar volume of sales, number of units produced, and number of wins during a baseball season are examples. In other word a limo driver will be rated on how well his/her skills are with customer service. They are being rating and measured at all times.Process for addressing skill gapsWhen addressing skill gaps it should be communicated on a daily basic but in a more formal way during the Performance evaluation. It should identify the areas that need improvement, a performance improvement plan (PIP) can be put in place. This is the opportunity for an employee that do not have all the skill to bring home the bacon to receive the appropriate training that he/she did or didnt have. When addressing area for improvement communication is the chance upon between managers and employees.Approach for deliver ing effective performance feedbackAccording to Cascio (2013), before giving feedback, getting training in performance appraisal interviewing, planning to use a problem-solving approach rather than tell -and-sell, and encouraging subordinates to order for performance-feedback interviews, is important. Also, while giving feedback, each manager should be encouraging subordinates to participate by being specific, being an active listener, setting mutually agreeable goals for future improvements, avoiding destructive criticism, and judging performance and not record and mannerisms. Lastly, after the feedback is communicated, each manager should periodically assess progress toward goals and make organizational rewards contingent on performance. If Landslide Limousine needs to make sure they that provide these before,during, and after feedback activities, these activities can help break down the performance of each and every person that Landslide employ.ConclusionHaving a good Performan ce plan before starting business is always a great beginning. You need a stepping stone to hire the right employee and to put the right people in the place. Providing them with the right tools make for a successfully business and satisfied customer.ReferencesCascio, W. F. (2013). Managing Human Resources (9th Ed.). New York, NY The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc. University of Berkley. (2014). Berkley HR. Retrieved from http//hrweb.berkeley.edu/about/philosophy/performance-management What is Human Resource? (2015). Retrieved from http//www.whatishumanresource.com/job-analysis-methods

Is Strategic Leadership Necessary to Effectively Manage Global Strategy in Todays Essay Example for Free

Is Strategic leading Necessary to Effectively Manage Global Strategy in Todays Es sound outCritically evaluate whether strategicalalalal leaders is necessary to effectively manage global strategy in todays prof role commerce environment In todays environment, companies need more and more flexibility to triumph in a rapidly changing world which evolves constantly over the year. It is interesting to speculate if a strategic leader is necessary to lead the company to the supremacy and to considerably manage the global strategy of the firm. The term of leadership is hard to line and at that place atomic number 18 over 400 definitions of what it really is. leaders rout out be in a poetic behavior, according to Warren Bennis, like beauty its hard to define but you know it when you see it. Or in a more cover way, we tin say that leadership is a matter of reservation a difference. It entails changing an organization and making choices among plausible alternatives. It d epends on the development of others and mobilizing them to shake the personal line of credit done. (Useem, 2001). Consequently, strategic leadership is the vision of the leader, the directions chosen by him to lead the company to the success.Strategic Leadership consists also in persuading the members of the organization in order to give an organizational structure whose aim is the strategic productivity. (managementstudyguide. com, 2010). This concept of strategic leadership is more and more historic in a context of global strategy. Indeed, nowadays, it is more and more usual to globalize its company in order to gain in productivity and performance. Thus, the global strategy of a company is roughlyhow, a benignant of strategic guide to succeed in the globalization process.This is a guide which permits the company to go fore the barriers to international trade by gaining competitive advantages according to (quickmba. com, 2010). A global strategy must read itself well-nigh pointions like what must be the presence on the market in to each one democracy? How to build an international global presence? Regarding to these two consequential aspects of a blood line, it is interesting to wonder if the strategic leadership is related to the global strategy and more precisely if the strategic leadership is necessary to success in globalizing its company within this turbulent product line environment.The strategic leadership may have an stir on the global strategy of a firm nevertheless, strategic leadership is neartimes surmount to slightly issues which can impair the viability of the company and its potential success. Indeed, the leaders have a lot of pressure, they have to toss results and manage the personal, which is more and more complicated in a changing world directed by the development of new technologies which implicated more and more reactivity.And sometimes leaders can make mistakes, Gerald Ratner, chief executive officer of Barclays Bank , has verbalise in front of TV cameras and reporters that he didnt have a credit tease because its too expensive That wasnt very professional Thus, the position of the leader is always a loving of a precarious position because he has to make ratiocinations which will determine the success of the company. Charan and Colvin (The quest for quality of dress life a TQM approach) highlight some strategic mistakes that a leader could make, some misjudgements which can lead to issues in term of strategic leadership.The first one may be tidy sum related. Indeed people cant be underestimating, and sometimes it happens, people of an organization atomic number 18 the gingiva of this one, so it is necessary to see people skills to have a harmony in the corporation, especially in wrong of relationships, according to Bill Donaldson and Tom Otoole (strategic market relationships from strategy to implementation, 200), personal contact cannot be underestimated. So it is crucial to have some strategic leadership to make sure that everybody is held at circus cherish.Moreover, another(prenominal) difficulty for the leader is to fail effectuateting the right people at the right place, this childbed requires a analysis of each people in the staff in order to place them in the job in which they atomic number 18 the most efficient and in which they will maneuver the best and do their best contribution. According to Buckingham and Coffman (1999) in their countersign First, Break All the Rules What The Worlds Greatest Managers Do Differently, they put forward twelve questions which are really useful to put people in the adapted job (bainvestor. om, 2010).Another people related problem can be the fail to deal with managers who are underperforming. The last making process is also seen as a issue in strategic Leadership, some decisions are not made which can implied a cost in term of time and money. The leader has to use nifty tactics to make their decisions. The problem is that, according to Nutt (researchnews. osu. edu, 2010) a good tactic in decision making require time and leaders are looking for quick fixes, but over the spacious term, theses tactics turn out to be successful.Beyond these issues, the leaders have also to face some argufys in particularly concerning the environment which is changing. Lao Tzu says that resisting change is like holding your breath if you persist, you die. The challenge that faces the leader is how to adapt them to a changing environment, and more precisely in this context of globalization, because the employee may tang suspicious relative to the change. This large-minded of barrier has to be destroyed by the leader by backcloth objectives, having open discussions with employee or showing their commitment.Manage the employee is a challenge, but the nature of the strategic environment is another one. According to (airpower. au. af. mil, 2010), there are four components which can be seen as challenges to the str ategic leader Complexity, Ambiguity, suspense and volatility. The leaders have to anticipate scenario to avoid volatility (ex Bosnia/Kosovo), and to highlight the act of the competitors to reduce the uncertainty and the complexness of the interdependence of the components.Moreover, the ambiguity can be solved by working in team this work will permit not to have multiple interpretation of one problem for example. As said before, the economic world has change over the past few years, with notably the financial crisis which has affect vexation productivity. This event shows us that the situation can change one day to another. Thus Brigid L. Bechtold explains in his book Chaos theory as a model for strategy development, the necessity of putting in place news strategies to balance a random economic situation.Moreover, the author emphasize the notion of fundamental interaction between the company which are now interdependent, a strategic leadership must deals with this situation in orde r to communicates and acts conscientiously, and notably in the case of corporate parenting. The corporate parenting has to set priority for the strategic leadership. corporate parenting is a management which is intern to the company, no others actors of the market are taking in account there are no interaction with others actors such as competitors or buyers.The aim of corporate parenting is to give value to the firm, but these operations require money and generate cost. There are three diverse types of this kind of management, strategic planning, strategic chasten and financial control. The strategic planning puts resources together in order to reinforce each traffic units to achieve a common goal, for example providing central services and resources. The strategic control consist in using the corporate parent ability to build some value for the business and finally under the financial control type the corporate parent evaluate and ontrol the performance of each business unit ( scribd. com, 2010 ), and then business units are more independent even if they are subject to performance standards. The corporate parenting provide thus a clear image of the strategy to all the business units, managers can focus on the like goal. Moreover, a corporate parent can interfere and guides its business units if they are underperforming for example. As an example we can talk about Virgin which is the perfect example of a successful corporate parenting Robabdul. com, 2010Virgin was able to fancy and institutionalized markets, but also in terms of innovation, by buying and compeld partnership with good skilled company. Moreover the management is flexible and gives flexibility to business units. (robabdul. com, 2010) But the corporate parenting can also destroy value instead of adding this one. (accessmylibrary. com, 2010), some might say that the destruction of the value is created by the level of corporate overhead be, but even if these costs are high, it is not the pri ncipal cause of failure.The most often, the influence of the parent are bad, because they put in place invalid objectives and unsuitable strategies. Thus, the managers have to use this strategic leadership of the corporate parents to develop the same and adequate strategy within the business units and the strategic leadership must be aware of the objectives prone to ensure that they are realizable. In a context of globalization, this corporate parenting can face culture issues which can impact on the global strategy.The globalization is a phenomenon which is more and more spread its a new way of working and in to manage people who come from different countries, some authors had created some dimensions dealing with pagan dimensions and the different value orientations. Indeed the majority of these workers dont understand the locating and the reactions of their colleagues because of the culture which includes different ways of thinking or acting. A strategic leadership has to lever age on cultural difference for competitive advantage.To create opportunities of collaboration a strategic leader must understand the management philosophy and the national character, to help this, Greet Hofstede created dimensions (hofstede. com, 2010) which permit to analyze and understand people from a different culture. A good strategic leadership is needed to manage these cultural gaps, because culture can be assimilating to the driving force beyond a man behavior.To succeed in a multicultural environment, the leaders must adopt the concept of global leadership, (Managing cultural differences global leadership strategies for the twenty-first century, by Robert T.Moran,Philip R. Harris,Sarah Virgilia Moran, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 ), they have to be capable of operating in the globalized world and being respectful of each culture, he must be flexible and open in order to perceive and understand people reactions. Companies have also to take care of what they said, if they did nt pay attention to their slogan, they can get into trouble, thus the slogan of American Airlines Fly in Leather has been translated in Spanish by drop naked (brandingstrategyinsider. com, 2010). To have this open-minded spirit, the relationship between management and strategic leaderships must be defineThe leadership, and more particularly the strategic leadership are the eyes of an organisation, they have to see what is coming, to anticipate the futurity in order to give the opportunities to the company to create the future. Instead, the management, according to the figure, is more about execution. Indeed, the management deals with organization, they win and accomplish the mission given by the leadership, they have to comprehends the vision and the road map (relationship-economy. com, 2010).A good example of the relation Leader/manager is the story of the creation of the iMac by Apple. 2-speed. com, 2006) The ex-CEO of Viewlogic relates its anecdote all the work on the iMac was done, the product was about to be launched when Steve Jobs, a great leader, require that the case for the computer has to be transparent. This resulted in additional cost and engineering work had to be restarted because it has to be pretty either. This story shows well the differences of vision between a leader and a manager Steve Jobs has seen the importance of the design over the desire term and put the base of Apple competitive advantage. Relationship-economy. com, 2010In this climate of economic uncertainty, the role of the strategic leadership within the global strategy is important notably speaking of the globalization phenomenon which is playing a major role in the business environment of today. Strategic leaders are necessary because they are the inspiration of the company, the guide of the managers. As seen before, in terms of corporate parenting, strategic leadership plays a crucial role in the success of the different business units, but sometimes, it happens that the i nfluence of this one compromise the viability of the different business units.Globally speaking, a company has often resort to internationalize itself, to succeed in this way a strategic leadership must be set, in order to understand and leverage of cultural differences. Concerning the relationship between the relationship between management and strategic leadership, they have a special relationship, on could not function without the other. Whitout the execution of the ideas of the strategic leader, these ones would be useless.These two concepts are interdependent, the management deals with organizing, planning and answers mindless terms questions, while conversely, the strategic leader responds to long terms issues and determines the position of the company and its strategic direction. The strategic leader must communicate to the company values. He should increase the belief of employees in the company and be transparent and involve them in their role. It must be open in order to speak freely of market information, because employees want to know where the company is going and want to know what the leader knows.It is also important for the leader to take into account the opinions of everyone. Indeed even if the decisions that are not suitable with the wish of the employees, having been earshot reinforce their membership to the business. Even if there are bad decisions making by some strategic leaders, (notably speaking of the CEO of the banks which didnt pay attention to the mistakes that they have done and start the financial crisis), they are necessary in the global strategy of a company but some strategic leadership can be at the origin of failure and being not adapted to some kind of company.Thus strategic leadership is important to manage global strategy to give confidence and to precede in the turbulent environment. But to avoid some mistake the management can be stricter and permit more place to concrete work instead of just ideas in order to stabili ze and create a secure environment for the business.Referenceshttp//www.quickmba.com/strategy/global/http//www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership.htmhttp//www.cmoe.com/strategic-leadership.htm

President of the United States Essay Example for Free

chairwoman of the join States EssayThe chair of the get together States, the chief executive officer of the federal government, the leader of the executive branch, and the air force officer in chief of the armed forces has certain constitutional advocates. How much role does he reall(a)y allow? Does he have too much? Does he have too little, or not liberal?In my opinion, I believe that the chair of the join States of America has just enough provide to mold our unpolished, deal with foreign and domestic policies, and fight the War on Terror In this essay, I leave discuss my opinion, what the professorships reasons atomic number 18 nether the record, and whether or not the chairwomans reference has expanded beyond these powers in domestic and foreign policy. Under phrase II, incision 2 and Section 3 of the genius, it outlines the powers and duties of the president.The chair holds two main roles he is the Head of State and is the Chief of Government. The powe rs and duties that fall under these roles are identified as two main sources of power his expressed powers and his delegated powers. The expressed powers are specifically defined powers that cannot be revoked by sexual intercourse or any agencies without an amendment to the Constitution. The delegated powers are the powers given to the president by Congress. Examples of expressed powers are the authorization to make treaties, grant pardons, and nominate judges and other public officials.The president also has the power to receive ambassadors and command the military forces of the get together States. The delegated powers under Article II of the Constitution state that the chairman shall take Care that Laws be faithfully executed. These powers delegate that the professorship give only have the authority to carry out decisions through identification and development. Out of every country in the world, our president is the only one with both roles as the Head of State and Chief of Government.A third power, that is not stated in the Constitution, but is claimed occasionally by the President are immanent powers. The indispensable powers are said to stem from the rights, duties and obligations of the presidency. These powers are exercised by presidents in times of warfare or national emergency. One of the Presidents biggest powers that are applied as part of his inherent powers is the power to declare war. The Presidents express powers are divided into five categories. The five categories are Military, Judicial, Diplomatic, Executive, and Legislative.Beneath the Military category, it affirms that under Article II, Section 2 the President is provided the power as commandant in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. Beneath the Judicial category, it affirms under Article II, Section 2 the President is provided the power to grant Reprieves and Pardons fo r Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.Beneath the diplomatic category under Article II, Section 2 the President is provided the power to make Treaties by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate. Additionally, under Article II, Section 3 the President is provided the power to receive Ambassadors and other Public Ministers. Beneath the Executive category, it affirms under Article II, section 3 the President is authorized to see to it that all laws are faithfully executed. Additionally, Section 2 gives the chief executive power to appoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers and to appoint all federal judges.Under the Legislative branch, it affirms under Article 1, section 7 and Article II, Section 3 that the President has the power to participate authoritatively in the legislative process. The military authorities granted to the President are amongst the virtually important powers granted to mortal leading the United States of America . As the President of the United States, you are granted the position as commandant in chief. The position of commander and chief deems the President the highest military authority in the United States with inhibit of the entire defense establishment.Additionally, the President is head of the nations intelligence network, which includes the CIA, NSC, NSA, and the FBI, which are among the most easily regarded intelligence networks in the world. The constitution is the main principle in giving Presidents the power to declare war however, many Presidents decide to capture this power for themselves without consulting Congress. This is a resolution of Congress that the President can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress, or if American troops are already under attack.For example, when President scrubbing responded to the attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York on September 11th, 2001 he ordered a major military campaign to trim the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Again in 2002, President Bush ordered a huge American campaign against Iraq to overthrow the Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, whom he believed had links to the terrorist network that attacked the United States. President Bush publically made it a point to state that he did not need Congresss authorization to declare war against organizations deemed an imminent threat against the United States of America.This is what is called the War Powers Resolution. The Judicial Powers granted to the President of the United States give him or her power to grant hold overs, pardons, and amnesties. Additionally, it involves power over all individuals who may be a threat to the security of the United States. Presidents may use this power to grant a reprieve on behalf of a particular individual. An example of reprieve for one particular individual would be when President Gerald Ford granted a pardon for former President, Richard Nixon, for all offenses against the United States which he has committed or may have committed.The Diplomatic Powers declare that our President is also our countries Head of State, or its chief representative when dealing with other countries. The title of Head of State grants the President the power to make treaties for the United States. The power of receiving Ambassadors and other Public Ministers was pushed through Congress under President Washingtons leading in 1793. This power allows the President most unrestricted authority to review the claims of any new thought groups to determine whether they indeed control the territory and population they claim is theirs.The Executive Power, which is another one of the most important powers as chief executive states that the President must ensure that all laws are faithfully executed. Additionally, this appoints the President to assign, remove, and supervise all executive officers and federal judges. These powers, under the Constitution, basically appoint the President as the true Chief Exe cutive Officer of the United States. Another component the President is granted as chief executive is executive privilege.Executive privilege claims that confidential communications between the President and close executives are to be kept confidential and are not to be revealed without express permission for the President. The Legislative Power is broken lot into two Constitutional render. The first of these provisions is under Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution and it states that the President shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.The plunk for provision states the President has the power to veto. The veto is the Presidents constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress. Other powers that are granted to the President are his Delegated Powers. These powers are not found in the Constitution but are product of congressional statutes and resolutions given to the President over the last century. The delegation of powers has been an almost inescapable consequence of the expansion of government activity in the United States.In conclusion, my belief is that the president has just enough power to run our country, deal with foreign and domestic policies, and fight the War on Terror. Because of the Presidents two main sources of power, which are his express powers and delegated powers, it enables him to fulfill his duties and obligations without having too much power over our government and legislation.

Brand management Essay Example for Free

dirt management Essay1) What is the crossing mix of Trung Nguyen? What be the key attributes of its umber? How do these attributes help Trung Nguyen to check itself from its competitors? The harvest-tide mix refers to the total composite of overlaps offered by Trung Nguyen chocolate. It consists of different product lines, various product items in each product line and within each item is the product depth. Firstly, the product line is a group of product or service items that atomic number 18 closely related because they argon sold to the ana logotypetypeus consumer groups, are marketed through the same types of outlets, direct similar usage or fall within granted determine ranges. Thus, Trung Nguyen javas product lines are Trung Nguyen Coffee, Passiona Coffee and G7 indorsement Coffee. The Passiona Coffee targets at consumers looking for for low-caffeine coffee bean bean tree and eespecially women, while the G7 Instant coffees are made for people who are too busy to brew a cup of coffee themselves. Trung Nguyen Coffee has 3 different product items, invokely notional Coffee, Blend Coffee and Espresso Coffee. Passiona Coffee consists of 2 product item, Passiona roasted coffee and Instant Passiona coffee.As for the G7 Instant Coffees, the product items are G7 Pure soluble, G7 Cappuccino and G7 Instant 3-in-1 coffee. Lastly, product depth is the number of variants in a product item. Trung Nguyens product depth of Creative coffee includes the Weasel Coffee and Legendee Coffee. Also, some variations of G7 Cappuccino are the Mocha G7 cappuccino and hazelnut G7 cappuccino. Different sizes of coffees are considered as product depth as well. For example, the G7 Instant 3-in-1 coffee is sold in 3 different sizes a box of 18 cafe sticks, a bag of 22 sachets or a bulk pack bag of 100 sachets.Table1 Summary of product mix of Trung Nguyen Product lines Trung Nguyen Coffee Passiona Coffee G7 Instant Coffee Product items -Blend coffee-Espresso cof fee-Creative coffee Product depth Weasel coffeeLegendee coffee -Passiona roasted coffee-Passiona heartbeat coffee -G7 Pure soluble-G7 cappuccinoProduct depthMocha G7 cappuccinoHazelnut G7 cappuccino-G7 instant 3-in-1Product depthbox of 18 cafe sticksbag of 22 sachetsbulk pack bag of 100 sachets Key attributes refer to the some important characteristics of a product.Trung Nguyen makes its point of struggle through its key attributes like using the best coffee beans, unique brewing style and the in the altogether coffee concept. Trung Nguyen has a unique selling point because some coffees offered pratnot be found anywhere else. Its coffees are authentically Vietnamese. For example, the Weasel coffee is produced based on the legend in Vietnam. To differentiate itself from its competitors, these key attributes must make k directn benefits for consumers.The coffee offered by Trung Nguyen is of a higher(prenominal) eccentric compared to different coffee firebrands because they us e the best coffee beans sourced from four of the worlds best coffee-growing regions. In addition, Trung Nguyen is awarded with the EureGAP certificate for its safe(p) agricultural practices such as having consistently good quality coffee beans and using environmentally friendly technologies. Coupled with their oriental secrets, consumers would cull Trung Nguyen because their coffee is brewed much more than aromatic and rich.Trung Nguyen utilise their new concept of coffee to set up a Creative Coffee House in order to differentiate itself and gain market share. It is now well-known for the innovative clubhouse whereby customers can enjoy coffee in a beautiful and contrived ambience while experiencing Vietnamese cultural events and exhibitions. For consumers who value such innovative product services, they willing ask Trung Nguyens coffee over the other grab a coffee to go coffee styles. 2) What are the roles of brand? What are the benefits of mark to sellers and buyers in th e coffee market.The role of branding is to create an personal identity for the product. The identity created can have some personalities and can gain brand equity. Benefits of branding Some benefits of branding for sellers of the Trung Nguyen coffee are that they are able to accentuate the bases of differentiation from its competitors overdue to its distinct identity. They can obtain court-ordered protection like trademarks to avoid copycats of their brand. The counterfeit products are capable of stealing Trung Nguyens sales when consumers are unsure of how the real packaging of coffee looks like.There is also a chance for the counterfeit coffee to ruin Trung Nguyens reputation. Consumers who bought the counterfeit coffee by mistake may view Trung Nguyen to be of a lousier quality instead. All this would be effectively prevented by branding because counterfeiting is an offense. Brand equity is created by branding and careful marketing. Trung Nguyen can in turn earn higher profi ts as consumers are impulsive to pay a higher price for this particular brand of coffee. Also, brand equity can plump to higher economic value of the brand, whereby it becomes an asset for Trung Nguyen when it wishes to sell its brand.Last but not least, Trung Nguyen can obtain brand loyalty through creating preferences towards their brand. If Trung Nguyen coffee is able to sustain a consistently good quality coffee product, consumers would remember the brand, spread the word around and continually purchase its coffee. On the buyers end, they may guide the most benefits from Trung Nguyens branding. Coffee is a convenience product and it is important to make it well-situated to find. Consumers will be able to correctly identify the products in a short period of time due to Trung Nguyens branding indeed becoming more efficient shoppers.Furthermore, consumers may gain assurance of product quality and performance. Employees need to ensure products offered are of consistently good q uality and so are specially trained to deliver this promise. Consumers will remain loyal to Trung Nguyen coffee because they are satisfied with this brand and have no need to search for another. 3) What constitutes the brand identity of Trung Nguyen? What is your evaluation of this identity? How can the brand identity be improved? Brand identity is the noticeable elements of a brand and also what the organization wants consumers to dig the brand as.It constitutes of Trung Nguyen as its name, the logo and its tagline Explore creative inspiration A sure-fire brand name should reflect the personality and values of the brand, be simple, memorable, peremptory and unrestrained. A logo is the image that embodies an organization. It is wiz of the most prominent branding elements that consumers will think of when someone mentions the company. A good brand logo should be memorable, futuristic and consistent and be able to portray the benefits to its target audience. The tagline must be s imple and easy to remember.It also needs to remain short since the tagline is always incorporated into umteen marketing pieces. Evaluation of brand name Consumers associate Trung Nguyen to Central highlands which refers to Dak Lak, the county capital of coffee where green coffee is grown. This gives an advantageous tie between Trung Nguyen and high quality and fresh coffee beans. Also, the brand name represents the uniqueness and richness of the Vietnamese culture. However, the name Trung Nguyen does not hold any meaning for non-Vietnamese. This may alienate consumers from other parts of the world.another(prenominal) bad point could be that its name is hard to pronounce for non- Vietnamese consumers. Possible improvements Because the companys name has been around since 1996 when it was founded, it cannot be changed otherwise the company has to build up brand awareness from get hold all over again. Thus, the company should work hard in educating people and let them understand the p ositive association between Trung Nguyen and Central highlands. For example, they could use their existing Internet website and include this under the learn more option.People visiting the website can then learn about the association and slowly adopt Trung Nguyen as their favourite coffee. Evaluation of logo In my opinion, the logo might be a little polished and insignificant. Psychological influences such as selective exposure and retention affects consumer buying behaviour. For example, the appealing cup of coffee printed on its packaging of Creative coffee may distract the consumers from the brand name. The logo is also ugly and boring due to the usage of dull and non-contrasting colours. The font used in the logo has little stylistic variations making it rather boring as well.Possible improvements Firstly, the logo should be scaled to a large size. Also, the marketing manager of Trung Nguyen can make use of brighter and more contrasting colours to make its logo more outstandi ng and attention-catching. The font could be changed to something cursive. This can better capture consumers attention thus leaving a deeper impression and resulting in better brand memory and recognition. For example Coca Cola, with its logo in a strikingly bright red background and white cursive words, is very undefeated at making sure that every consumer remembers it.Evaluation of tagline Trung Nguyens tagline Explore creative inspiration consists of all 3 simple words hence should be relatively easy for everyone to remember. However, Trung Nguyen tagline is still quite opposed to people across the globe as they do not use much above-the-line marketing. Possible improvements through and through the print media and mass media, Trung Nguyen can improve this aspect of its brand identity. The marketing manager could set up a Facebook page and make it known to people. Maintaining a Facebook page is relatively low-cost as compared to immutable TV advertisements.Because millions of people are using Facebook, it is very effective for Trung Nguyen to get their brand identity across. other point of improvement also through the mass media is through its online website. Perhaps the tagline can be added in the history of Trung Nguyen tab as it is currently not. On top of that, they can make use of emotional branding to elicit a favourable emotional response. Adding emotional words like Happy, muscular and Beautiful could boost sales of their coffee.As consumers become increasingly aware of health and beauty these days, Trung Nguyen can market more of their Passiona coffee which is enriched with collagen, vitamin PP and other rare oriental herbs through its tagline. 4) What is the branding strategy of Trung Nguyen? What are the advantages and risks of this branding strategy? Trung Nguyen uses an umbrella branding strategy. Different types of coffees have a sub-brand which combines the corporate brand with a new brand. Trung Nguyens Passiona Roasted coffee and Trung Nguyens Espresso coffee are 2 examples. Advantages of umbrella brandingCapitalizing on the existing brand equity of Trung Nguyen, it can sell newly introduced products quickly. Consumers who have had a good experience with its coffee will transfer this favourable attitude to new items. For instance, Trung Nguyens Creative coffee may have been developed earlier than Passiona coffee. Consumers who liked Creative coffee would have a higher chance of buying the Passiona coffee because they are under the same brand and so would also be of an equally good quality. Furthermore, the Passiona coffee can be set at a higher price as consumers are willing to pay more for brand value.This can bring about redundant profits for Trung Nguyen. Another advantage of using an umbrella brand is a lower advertising and advance costs. Trung Nguyen only needs to come up with a single advertisement because its coffees share one identity. Also, because Trung Nguyen is used on all of the products, level of brand awareness is easy to raise. To name an example of a successful sub-branding strategy, Gatorade has developed and introduced Gatorade Frost, Gatorade G2, Gatorade energy bar, etc into the market and stayed popular being the leading sports drink brand in many countries.Risks of umbrella branding In every marketing strategy there is bound to be a down side. Some risks of umbrella branding are that the failure of one type of coffee may affect the sales of the whole Trung Nguyen branded products. It is inadvisable to put all the eggs into one basket. For instance, if the turnout G7 Mocha had some discrepancy that caused the coffee to be too sweet, consumers may feel that the rest of Trung Nguyen piece of land instant coffees are as sweet and so switch over to Nescafe coffee instead.Secondly, sales of one product item may come at the expense of other items offered in the same product line. Lastly, the meaning of Trung Nguyen may also be diluted with an umbrella branding strategy. Apart from coffee, Trung Nguyen also has other product such as Green Tea, Oolong tea, etc. However, Trung Nguyen refers to Dak Lak, the county capital of coffee and so religious offering tea as an alternative beverage is not so relevant to the brand name.

Mathematics and ESL Students Essay Example for Free

math and ESL Students bear witnessWith the changing demographic in schools and cities, at that place should be a growing focus on the order of teaching to be sensitive to the needs of ESL get worders. In the article Supporting ESL Students among the key insights was the need to configuration basiss. As in any curriculum or area of larn, it is necessary to build on a strong base and establish fundamental concepts for learning to be fluid as knowledge areas expand. hit the books how maths was initiatory introduced or taught to students. To be able to fully grasp mathematics, one must start learn addition and subtraction.From there one can learn multiplication and division then fractions. This method of teaching and learning emphasizes the need to build on a strong base. For ESL students the case is similar, in that first they must build a strong foundation of language, meaning develop a knowledge of underlying or fundamental sacred scriptures, and from there move o n to abstractions and conjugations. By first understanding root words and key structural and grammatical rules, they are able to build on a solid foundation and thus divulge understand more complicated concepts.A sensitivity to language, grammatical structure and word usage is necessary because for ESL learners, understanding of mathematical concepts only come after successful communication. In Reforming Mathematics Instruction for ESL Literacy Students, authors Buchanan and Helman (1997) concur with the initiative to engage learners in collaborative learning. In this case, students are challenged cognitively by encouraging them to investigate, formulate and comprehend mathematical concepts through classroom activities.By lovable learners in activities that forget require them to formulate their own questions, engage in classroom discussion or interact with others in an attempt to communicate their learning, then students are stirred clear of becoming passive learners. By engagi ng their understanding, then learners have a better chance of fully grasping concepts as well as remembering them. As the old adage goes, Practice makes perfect, in the case of mathematics and the English language, goose egg can be more appropriate.By encouraging students to practice their language skills as well as their understanding of the mathematics, they hone their knowledge and skills set. Encouraging and helping develop fluency helps students in many antithetic ways. First they are better able to understand instruction later on, second they are better to communicate their own thoughts and insights and third, they build a knowledge foundation of which they can build upon later on. acquisition mathematics is often like building a pyramid.For one to be able to successfully learn mathematics, one must begin with a strong foundation of basic mathematics concepts and only from there can one progress. In teaching mathematics, strong foundations should always be the point of refe rence. As such, linking mathematical concepts with prior knowledge and experiences make it easier for the student to relate the topics and then connect it to their own lives. In this sense, learning becomes more of a personal and integral experience rather than a passive encounter.By existence able to successfully relate mathematical concepts to more familiar terms and experiences the fatigue or reverence associated with the technical aspects of mathematics can be reduced as well. Learning mathematics in itself is a challenging confinement on its own. For ESL learners the challenge of learning mathematics is only compounded by the task of having to negotiate an unfamiliar language. As such in the instruction of mathematics to ESL students it becomes necessary for the instructor to be sensitive to these needs.A focus on providing instructions that would build good foundations in language, grammar and understanding of mathematics is integral. Similarly, positive reinforcement of le arning through the encouragement of continued communication between students and classroom activities that enkindle practical utilization of concepts learned, promotes the better understanding of math as well as language.Reference enumerateBuchanan, K. and Helman, M. (1997). Reforming Mathematics Instruction for ESL Literacy Students. Center for Applied Linguistics. Retrieved 10 March 2009 from http//www. cal. org/resources/digest/buchan01. html

Convention on Prohibition of Biological Weapons Essay Example for Free

Convention on Prohibition of biological Weapons try outThe Biological Weapons Convention (BWC, for short) is an international treaty aimed at stopping the production and use of biological agents that regurgitate the diseases among mass. This treaty is officially termed as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction. It came into effect in 1975, and by 2000, nearly 150 nations had signed the treaty. By virtue of clauses of the treaty, countries have been tabu to possess big amounts of biological agents or toxins, and all the systems of weaponry to pass them on. Also all the constituent nations or the signatories may non trade into biological weapons or help other countries to develop them. It was in any case made obligatory for the United States and the Soviet Union who conducted experiments to produce biological weapons during the Cold War, a layover of non-act ive hostility between nations after World War II (1939-1945), were called upon to ratify the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 970s. But since the treaty did not provide for the means of verifications or inspections, nations had merely agreed to stand by it in good faith.And it was as early as 2000, when some of the governments had tried to figure out methods to pile out inspection and verification. (Biological Weapons Convention, 2007) Efforts to Avert reference-war farther close toe with BWC are Proving Hopeless The US has assessed a number of programs through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for her plea against probable biological, chemical, and radiological attacks, but the approach is essentially aimed at encourageing the troops and military equipment.Nearly 100 of the signatories of the Biological Weapons Convention made a review of the progress of BWC in 2002, but to their dismay and worry all of them found the situation sort of deplorable an d disappointing. Another survey conducted by Amy Smithson of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, found that more than 80% of the senior government officials, and congressmen cerebration that a biological attack in the near future was in truth likely, especially in view of Al-Qaedas revealed rudimentary experiments with ricin and anthrax. And it is also very easily known that nearly all antidotes for anthrax do not suffice.Besides, 40% of members had n of all time submitted the required report, which is an loose violation of the BWC rules. Ms Amy Smithson added that had there were more emergent and serious efforts, the things might have moved before into Bio-safety and Bio-security. The director of UNIDIR (UNs disarmament research institute in Geneva), Patricia Lewis, commented that although apparently the progress of work over the ag ane few years has proved useful, yet to be more efficient and systematic, there is an ardent affect of a foolproof a ction plan, which, she feared, may not be due until 2008. Is America Safe from Biological Attack?Although huge spending has been made on her bio- refutal, the US appears as vulnerable as ever to a concerted terrorist attack. Therefore development of a better strategy and a oft stronger defense is simply inconceivable without a change in the policy of federal official government. It is also a spark off of hard American history nearly vii years back when the nation had hardly recovered from the wounds of 9/11, than someone sent Anthrax Spores to reputed Journalists and famed politicians through the US mail. The result was that five people died and more than seventeen got sick, and it was painful to observe that none of the culprits was ever caught.This attack added to the already growing fears in the US, about the hard-liners and bio-terrorists being so determined to spread disease and mayhem across the nation. To combat the threat, the provide administration launched an unpara lleled bio-defense plan, and until today almost $44 billion has been spent by the US federal government for providing protection to the civilians, organizations, and for buying the latest remedies such as the classic smallpox vaccine. But the apt question is whether this colossal spending has made Americans any safer? The veterans at the Center for Bio-security at the University of Pittsburgh say that the issue is a big No. Denouncing the government efforts as insufficient they hold that the US remains un hard-hitting to defend itself against any anthrax attack involving more than a few envelopes. So where is the big winner? (Biological Weapons Convention, 2007) One of the many bio-defense efforts made by the administration is the Bio-Shield project, which was launched in 2004, and was aimed at turning drug companies into defense entrepreneurs, delivering products to fight against a potential bio-weapons threat.Although there is much in store for the Project Bio-Shield like a $5. 6 billion package to be spent by 2014 on drugs, yet the pharmaceutical companies, much against expectations havent done enough that could accomplish the Bio-Shields objectives. The lukewarm response by these companies has been a antecedent of perpetrating a bill in the US Congress, in order to make the Bio-Shield a more effective and more viable a project. Has Project Bio-Shield Proved Sufficient for US Bio-defense Needs Apparently the Bio-Shields strategy appears quite prudently designed.But companies normally do not cater for remedies for the unique kind of diseases thought most likely to be used as weapons, simply because there are no meshwork in it. Resultantly the Project Bio-Shield promises companies to buy them only the special drugs and vaccines that would counter threats of bio-weapons, giving them an option and a guiltless hand to do the rest of job. If such is the case then why there has so far been a very sluggish response is a question which must be answered with fir mness if not with finality. (New Scientist, 2003)In fact Project BioShield has awarded contracts for 7 products, worth $2 billion. They are 1. Two for antibody-based therapies for botulism and anthrax. 2. One for 10 million doses of the militarys existing anthrax vaccine. 3. One biggest funding of $878 million has been guaranteed to VaxGen of Brisbane, California, for 75 million doses of a purer, newborn-generation anthrax vaccine. 4. One order is for 20 million doses of an improved smallpox vaccine from the Danish firm Bavarian Nordic, and 5. Project BioShield has provided $4 million to universities to fund basic pathogen research.Brad Smith of the Center for Bio-security said, The government has neer done anything like this before, He also asserted that the department of Homeland Security must get-go decide what designated threats really are, and only then should the Department of Health commissions drugs or vaccines be designed to protect against them. He added that the diseas es it picked so far pertain only to anthrax, botulism and smallpox. However, the targeted one bug, one drug approach has been seen by some experts as basically wrong.A better approach, they say, would be to aim for broad-spectrum remedies that work against many opposite bacteria or viruses. But then it would be more cost-effective would offer mere defense blanket against terrorists with whatever their choice of bio-weapon be, and would also come with additional advantage of protection against natural diseases. baffle remarked, if something works for flu and for bio-weapons as well, why not do that? (New Scientist, 2003) A recent research by think tanks like Tucker and Andrew Grotto shows that much more effort is yet required.Only seven states and four cities have the capability to administer stockpiled vaccines on a large scale, Tucker said. He added that most Americans live in states that have no plans for dealing with large numbers of casualties caused by contagious diseases. Th e new bill that was presented before the Congress attempted to address some of these problems i. e. to appoint a new wellness secretary for public health to improve the quality of equipment for medical emergencies, and to provide $1 billion as annual funding.But this would not have been enough to solve the delivery problem, or give hospitals the condenser to deal with a surge in patients. Although the bill, presented before Congress, mandated research into new tools and methods for developing drugs and vaccines, yet it did not go ahead in the way to taking Project Bio-Shields focus away from the one bug, one drug strategy and on to a broader spectrum of remedies. But this newest Bio-Shield Project certainly did no go any further to solve the problems of how to get remedies out to any probable and potential victims of the bio-weapons attack. (MacKenzie and Debora, 2006)ReferencesAcademic Research prime minister Can the line against bio-terror hold? 2006 (Economist, 00130613, Vol. 3 81). Biological Weapons Convention 2007 http//www. worldbookonline. com/wb/Article? id=ar726514st=biological+warfare Accessed, July 7, 2007 Bob. B. 2007 weapon of mass destruction Antidotes Still Go to Iraq (National Journal, 03604217, Vol. 39, Issue Lussier, Frances M. 2007 Gas mask. http//www. worldbookonline. com/wb/Article? id=ar217900 Accessed, July 7, 2007 MacKenzie, Debora. 2006. Fortress America (New Scientist Vol. 191, p18-21) Ross. S. America the Beautifuls Germ Warfare Rash, Jul/Aug2007 (Humanist, 00187399 Vol. 67, Issue 4)